BRITISH CULTURAL
STUDIES
Cultural studies are the term first
coined by Raymond Williams. British cultural studies have deep root in the post
war Brian. In this culture class was disappeared. The welfare state and western
powers we established in opposition to Russian communism were all resulted in
to the representation of new Britain. Modernity and Americanization of popular
culture were considered as the beginning of new future and English culture is
subjected to understand the these changes and their cultural economics and
political effects and British culture is emerged from this context. Working
class becomes bourgeois because their living condition and ideology were
indistinguishable from these of the middle class.
The
cultural studies came into prominence is during the early 1950s major figure in the development
of cultural studies is Raymond Williams, Richard Hoggart ,Birmingham Center For
Cultural Studies,Stuart Hall,E.P. Thompson .
Richard Hoggart was born to a
working class family and served in the British army during the second world
war. Laing says that during the time of 1946 and 1959 Hoggart were worked
as a adult tutor and this time had a significant
role in the development of his definition of culture his the uses of literacy
had grate role in the development of
cultural studies. it deals with the distinction of standards of discrimination
in the production and consumption of popular cultural forms Stuart lain says
that Hoggart’s construction of working class life has influenced the T. V
serial coronation street . The book gives most important to the theoretical
value and shows the network of shared cultural meaning which sustains
relationship between different facets of culture,and he intention of book is to
open up culture as a field of forms and practices. Hoggart points out the
important contribution of Halls in the field of cultural studies.
Next important personality is
Raymond Williams, he was also coming from a working class family his essay
culture is ordinary had received grate attention in the field of cultural
studies and he was the first person who coined the term ‘cultural studies’. He
was also a tutor in Oxford University from 1946 to 1960.His book “culture and
society” also got more importance in the field of cultural studies, it was a
book of literary history and focused on the relationship of the idea. In order
to establish the basics of ideas and their representation William worked
through the English thoughts and writing through the nineteenth and twentieth century
.the strength of culture and society is that the continual sense of field of
study from the clarity of the book with the cultural products and cultural
relations. culture and society can be read by viewing its future by how continually
supply the available theoretical support which means that we can understand the
book culture and society by making a study on how it is imposed or how all this
work in the society. Williams work emphasizes the practical criticism and
offers a English cultural history. and he says that the culture is not basically
or completely developed from Culture and Society. In this book he makes a study
on culture and civilization tradition. Basically William always keeps distance from
traditional Marxism.
The book “the
long Revolution was published in 1961,it show Williams interest in culture and his interest to move further from
the tradition and this book focused on the ideologies and discourse. the book
long revolution lacks a theory of cultural structure and methods of textual
studies. and in the book British cultural studies an introduction it says that
his work on Marxism and Literature is marked
as the struggle between his humanism and his socialism. Marxism and Literature
begins with a an autobiographical account of Williams resistance to Marxism. he
breaks up with Marxism is in order to foreground the role of culture.
E.P Thompson is another prominent
figure in British cultural studies. Thompson gives importance not only to
cultural studies .He developed his own
theory of culture from Marxist traditions. He made it through his history of
making of culture by its subject. He says that the culture doesn’t mean the
whole way of life but the struggle between the ways of life.
Next prominent figure is Stuart hall.
British cultural studies are a detailed study of his work. His works are based
on the theoretical journey. Next important topic in this field is the Birmingham
center for contemporary cultural studies ( CCCS) . The CCCS was established in
1964.hoggart was the first director. CCCS directly focuses on cultural forms
and its relation to the society. CCCS broke with American influence and empirical
aspects of social science research and it moved toward the ideological function
of the media. And here the media was defined as a major cultural and
ideological force. Its result will be the effectively of media rather than their behavioral
effects. This was the politics of the media. The relations between media and
ideology were investigated through the analysis of text
Bibliography
Hall, S. (1990). The Emergance of Cultural Studies
and The Crisis Of the Humanities. 53, 11-23.
Lawrerence Grossberg,
C. N. (Ed.). (1992).
Turner, G. (2005). British
Cultural Studies An Introduction (3rd Edition ed.). Taylor and francis
e-Library.
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